Europe
The Presence of Carmel in Europe can be traced to the transfer of the Carmelites from the Holy Land in 1238. The first foundations were: Messina in Sicily, Italy, Aylesford and Hulne in England, and Les Aygalades-Marseilles in France. After these first foundations, the Carmelites spread to Spain (1263), Italy (1238), Portugal (1251), Germany (1268), Ireland (1271), Malta (1418), Poland (1411), Holland (1652), Bohemia and Moravia (1411, suppressed in 1785 and revived in 1908), Romania (2002), Ukraine, France (suppressed in 1789 and revived in 1989).