60^th Anniversary of Gravissimum Educationis Celebrated at Jubilee for World of Education

The Pontifical Universities joined with Pope Leo XIV in celebrating the 60^th anniversary of the Second Vatican Council document Gravissimum Educationis at a Mass on Monday, October 27, as part of the Jubilee of the World of Education. The pope also signed an Apostolic Letter, Drawing New Maps of Hope, reflecting on the relevance of the Conciliar document in today’s world and on the challenges of education today with particular attention to Catholic schools and universities. He wrote that the Vatican II document “reminded the Church that education is not an ancillary activity but forms the very fabric of evangelization.”

The pontifical universities and institutes in Rome enroll more than 15,000 students from some 125 nations. There are pontifical universities or universities with a pontifical faculty in many parts of the world as well.

Commenting on the fact that many millions of children around the world have no access to primary education, the Holy Father reminded the Church that in his Apostolic Exhoration, Dilexi te, he wrote of education as “one of the highest expressions of Christian charity.” He later repeated another part of Delexi te where he wrote “For the Christian faith, the education of the poor is not a favor but a duty.”

In his homily at the Mass in St. Peter’s, Pope Leo spoke of the deep symbolism of pilgrimage. “Life makes sense only when it is lived as a journey,” he remarked. "It is a continual ‘passing over,’ from death to life, from slavery to freedom, and experience of the Paschal Mystery that calls us to a constant renewal and hope."

Pope Leo addressed the fragmentation in the overall vision, uniting knowledge with meaning. He spoke of this question being addressed by Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, as well as Carmelite Saints Teresa of Ávila and Edith Stein. “The Church needs this unified perspective for both today and tomorrow,” he continued, encouraging students and professors alike to ensure that their academic work does not remain “an abstract intellectual exercise,” but rather that it becomes a force that transforms life, deepens faith, and strengthens witness to the Gospel.

The pope described the mission of educators as a true work of mercy. Teaching, he said, is like the miracle in the Gospel, “for the activity of the educator is to lift people up, helping them become themselves and able to develop informed consciences and the capacity for critical thinking.”

Feeding that hunger for truth which is in everyone is not merely an academic duty but a vital human task. "To feed the hunger for truth and meaning is an essential task, since without them we would fall into emptiness and even succumb to death", he said.

Making reference back to the Gospel for the day (Luke 13: 10-17) in which Jesus heals the woman bent over for eighteen years, the Pope prayed that all those engaged in the academic vocation may be “men and women who are never bent in on themselves but always upright," carrying with them “the joy and consolation of the Gospel wherever you go.”

The Carmelite Family around the world educates thousands of students—from pre-school through university. Many Carmelites are involved in education in various universities. There are 30 schools administered by the Order and many of the affiliated Congregations also have schools. The Order’s programs on ongoing formation—in the schools, parishes, and retreat centers—allow adults to continue deepening their faith through a variety of programs.

For the celebration of the Jubilee of the World of Education a number of events took place in and around the Vatican coordinated by the Dicastery for Culture and Education. Three gatherings with Pope Leo, in addition to the Mass on October 27, took place. A second Mass is scheduled for Saturday, November 1 for the declaration of St. John Henry Newman as a doctor of the Church.

Read the Apostolic Letter, Drawing New Maps of Hope

Read Gravissimum Educationis

From the Carmelite Archives
A gem from the Carmelite Library: an incunabulum from 1495

From the book depository of the General Carmelite Library, an elegant incunabulum printed in Brescia on September 13, 1495, has come to light. It was from the printer and bookseller Bernardino Misinta, active from 1490 to 1509 in Lombardy and Veneto.

The volume contains the Latin translation of the work De anima by the Greek philosopher and Aristotelian commentator Alexander of Aphrodisias (2nd-3rd centuries). The translation was done by the Venetian Girolamo Donati (1456-1511).

The incunabulum – from the Latin incunabulum, meaning in the cradle, to indicate the first books printed in the 15th century – does not yet feature the typical title page that would only appear from 1500 onwards, but an incipit page, very similar to those found in contemporary manuscripts, with a rubricated initial letter, larger in size, on a floral background, executed using the woodcut technique [photo 1]. Accompanying the text is a hand-drawn plant frieze that unfolds on three sides of the page, except for the bottom margin. The three stamps can be seen, including that of the Carmelite Library can be seen at the bottom [photo 1].

As was customary for early printed books, the typeface used (the so-called “Roman type”) reproduces the appearance of the humanistic script used in 15th-century manuscripts.

The influence of handwritten books is also visible inside the volume, where there are blank spaces reserved for decoration, accompanied by “guide letters” corresponding to the major initials of the text, which were to be printed at a later stage [photo 2].

On the last page of the copy is the colophon, which contains information about the printing, such as the name of the printer, the date, and the printer’s location [photo 3].

Finally, since books were stored horizontally at the time, the author's name and the title of the work were added by hand on the lower edge [photo 4].

Each of the popes since Paul VI, except John Paul I during his short reign, have had interactions with FAO, concretizing the Holy See’s continued support of the UN agency in accomplishing its mission. This was Pope Leo’s first visit and during his talk, the pope reaffirmed the mission of the organization to end hunger and to build resilient agrifood systems across the globe. He also took the opportunity to urge the international community to redouble its efforts to eradicate hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity — evils he described as “a moral wound that afflicts the whole human family.”

The Director-General, acknowledging the presence of the pope and many other leaders from around the world, said, “Your presence here today is a true reflection that hunger knows no borders, and that the challenge of food security demands unity among nations.” He implored that there be continued action in this area. “The world’s leaders and people everywhere must come together united by our collective belief that the right to food is a basic human right, and that peace is a prerequisite for food security,” he said.

In his address, the pope spoke of the unacceptable use of food as a weapon of war, which he said contradicts all of the awareness-raising work carried out by FAO over the past eight decades. “Eighty years after the establishment of FAO, our conscience must once again challenge us in the face of the ever-present scourge of hunger and malnutrition,” the pope said. “In this regard, I consider it a true success that World Food Day is being celebrated this year under the theme ‘Hand in Hand for Better Foods and a Better Future.’ At a historical moment marked by deep divisions and contradictions, feeling united by the bond of collaboration is not only a beautiful ideal, but a resolute call to action.”

Continuing to stress the need to move from talking to action, the pontiff said, “We cannot be content with proclaiming values; we must embody them.” He continued “Slogans do not lift people from misery. We must place the human person above profit and guarantee food security, access to resources, and sustainable rural development.”

Established by a United Nations resolution in 1979 and first observed in 1981, World Food Day is celebrated annually on October 16. It is now one of the most widely celebrated UN observances, with events held in over 150 countries. The Day provides an opportunity for people to reflect on the responsibility to care for the land and water, support those who cultivate it, and strengthen the systems that bring food to every table.

The mission of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is to defeat hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in a sustainable way while upholding the dignity of every human being. This is more important than ever in a world where conflict, the climate crisis, forced migration and a widening gap between the rich and poor, cast doubt on the goodwill of the international community to place the human person above profit in the name of justice and peace.

Read Pope Leo XIV’s Address to FAO

ALACAR Meeting Yields Much Unity in the Carmelite Family

The Asociación Latinoamericana de los Carmelitas (Latin American Association of Carmelites) (ALACAR), held a gathering at the Centro Teresiano de Espiritualidade in São Roque, Brazil, from October 20–25, 2025. It was hosted with exceptional hospitality, care, and contemplative spirit by our Discalced Carmelite (OCD) brothers and sisters.

ALACAR is composed of religious of the Order of Carmel (OCARM) and the Order of Discalced Carmelites (OCD), members of various Carmelite congregations, and Lay Carmelites of the Third Order from across Latin America. This year’s assembly brought together over 90 participants, representing the richness and diversity of the Carmelite family; friars, nuns, sisters, and lay Carmelites from every region of the continent.

The theme of the conference was “María, maestra de oración” (Mary, Teacher of Prayer). Eight lectures were scheduled. They included: Missionary Mary Visits Latin America—Features of a Marian Mission Since the Guadalupe Event by Cándido Celestino Gonzalez, OCD and Mary, Ark of the Covenant—Marian Presence in the Shrines of Latin America by Renê Augusto Vilela da Silva, O. Carm.

On Wednesday, the talks were Mary, Woman and Mother—A Feminine Interpretation by Liliana Franco of the Company of Mary and Mary, Magnificat—An Approach from Carmelite and Ecological Spirituality by Miguel Márquez, OCD, Superior General of the Discalced Carmelites. On the third full day, the lectures were Mary Queen and Beauty of Carmel by Martín Martínez, OCD and Mary in Everyday Life—A Mariological Approach in the Light of St. Teresa of the Andes by Luisa Escobar, CM. The final two talks were Mary, Follower of Jesus—A Biblical Approach to Mary from the Beatitudes by Jairo Gómez, OCD and Mary, Mystagogue—Mary’s Role in Initial and Ongoing Formation by Edimar Fernando Moreira, O. Carm.

The gathering included the participation of leadership from both Orders: Fr. Miguel Márquez, OCD, Superior General; Fr. Martín Martínez Larios, OCD, Definitor General for Latin America; and Fr. Nepi Willemsen, O. Carm., General Councilor for the Americas. Their participation was a strong sign of communion and shared vision in the Carmelite family.

On Wednesday, Bishop João Bosco Barbosa de Sousa, OFM, presided at the Eucharist. He is the third bishop of Oasaco in the state of São Paulo, where the conference was held.

Throughout the week, participants reflected on Mary as the living model of prayer, a woman of silence and interiority, of listening and intercession, of mercy and prophetic faith. Far from being a merely devotional figure, Mary emerged as the true teacher of discipleship and contemplative prayer, guiding the Carmelite family to rediscover its contemplative roots and prophetic mission.

The week was also marked by a profound experience of communion and fraternity among all branches of the Carmelite family. The exchanges, liturgies, and shared reflections deepened the awareness that we are one family in Carmel, united in diversity, and called to pray and serve together for the life of the Church.

The ALACAR gathering, held every four years, will next be organized by the Order of Carmel (OCARM) and is projected to take place in October 2029.

Giving Thanks With Grateful Hearts
(Luke 7:11-17)

This weekend we celebrate those who are now in God’s care.
We pray for them with faith and hope.
As St Paul says, what proves that God loves us is that Christ died for us while we were still sinners, and by his death we have been made righteous in the eyes of God (Romans 5:8-10). God does not wait for us to be perfect before reaching out to us in love.
We thank God for the presence of our departed sisters and brothers in our lives. We recognise them as a gift and blessing to us. Even in the midst of our sadness we are aware of God’s graciousness in sharing them with us and we pray for them with grateful hearts. Our prayer for them expresses our Christian hope that death is not the end of life, and that we will meet each other again in God’s kingdom.
Giving thanks to God is a fundamental character of our liturgy. The word Eucharist means ‘to give thanks’. The word liturgy means ‘to do one’s public duty’. When we talk about the Liturgy of the Eucharist we are talking about the time we spend at mass doing our public work of giving thanks to God.
The Gospel for our commemoration today is both emotional and touching. Jesus meets the funeral procession of a young man. He is deeply moved with compassion for the young man’s mother and the young man himself.
The Gospel tells us that the mother is a widow and the young man who has died is her only son. In the times in which Jesus lived that meant that the mother, in addition to being grief-stricken, was now extremely vulnerable - having no male to act on her behalf in legal or financial matters and no bread-winner now to look after her.
In restoring her son’s life Jesus has also restored her life. It’s a double restoration, a double blessing and a double sign of God’s goodness and compassion.
Today, we join with the whole Church in praying that God welcome our departed sisters and brothers fully into the Divine embrace.

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On October 18, 2025, the feast of St. Luke, the Betica Province in Spain celebrated the 34th Carmelite Family Gathering. On this occasion, the event took place in El Viso del Alcor (Seville), in the centenary year of the founding of the Brotherhood and Confraternity of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in that town.

More than one hundred people attended, not counting the religious of the province who accompanied the different groups from seventeen different locations throughout our geography (Sisters of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel, TOC, confraternities, teachers from our schools, and parishioners). Of particular note was the presence of the prior general of the Order, Fr. Desiderio García Martínez, who, in addition to presiding over the Eucharist of the meeting, gave a beautiful and moving lecture on the life and experience of faith of Fray Pablo María de la Cruz.

A Few Days of Joyful Fraternity with the Carmelites of East Timor

Given the geographical proximity and the fact that I was in Indonesia for the General Chapter and had previously planned this visit with the prior provincial of the Province of Australia and East Timor, Bruce Clark, I was given the opportunity to make a fraternal visit to our confreres of this Province in East Timor.

The connection between Portugal and East Timor is a historical fact. The first Portuguese merchants and missionaries arrived on this island in 1515, exploiting the region's natural resources and proclaiming the Gospel. Timor was Portuguese territory until 1975.

Despite all the historical vicissitudes, East Timor has been a fully independent territory since May 22, 2002. The link with Portugal has been maintained due to our shared history and mutual collaboration in various areas. For example, one of East Timor's official languages is Portuguese.

It is in this context that the Commissariat of the Carmelites in Portugal has maintained a close relationship with the Carmelites of East Timor, supporting the confreres in their formation and in their learning the Portuguese language. It was also this relationship that led me to visit our confreres in this country for a week. To the historical, cultural, and collaborative closeness, I have now added an experience of closeness through physical presence.

I can testify to the joy with which these brothers live the charism and fraternity, and how the different generations live a simple life of prayer, collaboration and mutual support. It is with this same joy that they welcome those who visit them.

East Timor is teeming with vocations. It throbs with hope in living and proclaiming Jesus Christ and the Carmelite charism. It is growing in communion and participation in the local Church. The affection with which the Carmelites are treated is a testimony to this dedication in the community.

Something that also struck me was the closeness between the various branches of the Carmelite Family: confreres, lay people and Carmelite Sisters. There is great complicity between everyone and the realization of projects in which everyone is involved.

It's been a growing presence since 2001, when our confreres in Australia began this project. In addition to the older communities in Hera (two formation communities), Zumalai and Fatuhada (Dili), the confreres are starting a new community in Comoro (Dili) and have embraced a missionary project in Guisarudo where they are creating the spiritual and material conditions for the creation of a new parish.

Personally, I have witnessed the generosity of the confreres in their service to the community and of the community towards the confreres. Some of the confreres are still present in institutes and on formation fronts linked to philosophy and theology, as well as being asked to lead retreats and provide spiritual assistance to some chaplaincies.

I had the opportunity to visit some of the houses of the Carmelite Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel. The Sisters' dedication in the education sector, in running a retreat centre and in various socio-charitable projects, especially in peripheral contexts, is commendable. I would also like to thank the sisters for their fraternal welcome, which was always very lively and choreographed! 

I carry with me an enviable collection of "tais" (Timor's traditional garments used in honoring and welcoming people) that I keep as a symbol of a memorable time!

As well as visiting and socializing with the various branches of the Carmelite Family, I also had the chance to visit some of Timor's emblematic and historic sites, as well as some of its natural beauty.

In a Jubilee year with the theme "Pilgrims of Hope," these days in East Timor were an opportunity for me to reinforce hope in the present and future of the Carmelite Order, wherever it may be. It perfectly complemented and added to the memory of the fraternity and vitality of the Order experienced at the Malang General Chapter.

I thank God for the witness of fraternity that I received and for the joy of our confreres on this "good and holy" journey in "obedience" to Jesus Christ, following the example of Mary and Elijah."

Agostinho Marques Castro, O. Carm.
Commissary General

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We’ve All Met Them!
(Luke 18:9-14)

We’ve all met them: people who only seem to be able to bolster their self-image by putting everyone else down. We meet such a character in the Pharisee in the Gospel for this Sunday. Like the Pharisee in this week’s Gospel, we can sometimes see religion as a set of personal rituals, actions and prayers that cause us to think we have been faithful to God’s calling because we have done this or that.
Spirituality, however, is about practising our ‘faith’ with a profound sense of God’s presence, God’s love for us, and ours for one another. We live work and pray out of our relationship with God, deeply aware of God’s gift of abiding love and mercy that surrounds us.
The background for the Gospel is set in the First Reading from Ecclesiasticus (35:12-14, 16-19) – God’s judgement is not fooled by outward appearances of wealth, or power, or religious shows of piety. God cannot be fooled into judging against the injured, the poor, the widow or orphan.
It is the person ‘who with his whole heart serves God’ whose prayers are accepted.
The parable in this Gospel, we are told, is addressed to ‘people who prided themselves on being virtuous and despised everyone else’.
The Pharisee (people well respected due to their personal piety) prays to God, reminding God (and himself) what a good person he is and all the religious things he has done. He has thus fulfilled the duties of a ‘religious’ and ‘righteous’ person – unlike, he says, the tax collector.
However, the tax collector (considered a sinner in Jesus’ time), doesn’t see himself worthy to even lift his eyes to God and acknowledges that he has sinned and considers himself unworthy to be in the presence of God. But, as Jesus says, he leaves the temple ‘at rights with God’. His relationship with God is from the heart. Overcome with a deep awareness of God’s love for him, and his own unworthiness of it, he does not dare to even lift up his eyes. Whereas the Pharisee, through his lack of humility and apparent self-righteousness, leaves assuming that he is at rights with God.
Our prayer and worship should never be empty words or merely symbolic actions. They must truly come from our hearts and so lead us not only into a deeper relationship with God but also into the willing service of all.

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From the General Archives …

For the fourth consecutive year, we have completed another block of restorations of seals from our collection of parchments. As in previous years, the project was supported by contributions from the CEI's 8xMille fund and was carried out by Dr. Luca Becchetti, custodian of the seals of the Vatican Apostolic Archives.

Here are the before and after of a large round seal in natural wax belonging to King Francis I of France (1515-1547), which was in very poor condition before restoration, with fragments glued back together in a haphazard manner. The seal, now legible again despite the missing parts, shows on the front the effigy of the sovereign seated on the throne, crowned and with the scepter, inside a pavilion with cornflowers; under his feet, the silhouettes of two lions can be seen. On the back, traces of the shield of France can be seen.

The privilege to which it belongs (II Extra/1527.1) is dated Saint Denis, July 7, 1527: it is a royal letter in which the King of France writes to Prior General Niccolò Audet, putting an end to the dispute between him and Stephane Jovency, prior of the Province of Narbonne. When Audet was elected general on May 8, 1524, during the Chapter of Venice, Jovency refused to recognize his authority, causing a rift in the Carmelite Order. A week after the contested election, the prior of Narbonne had convened an anti-chapter in Montpellier, from which he emerged as prior general. Probably only the provinces of southern France participated in that chapter, but the clash between them and the rest of the Order was such as to cause a schism accompanied by excommunications. In fact, Audet had brought the matter before Pope Clement VII, obtaining a bull ordering the French to return to the jurisdiction of the Carmelite Curia in Rome. In turn, Jovency appealed to the King of France in an attempt to have the papal decision suspended, but the Royal Council ruled in favor of Audet, who governed from 1524 to 1562, distinguishing himself as an extraordinary reformer. His generalate was the second longest in the history of the Order, after that of Giovanni Grossi (1411-1430).